固体氧化物燃料电池平板式电池堆的研究进展

The recent progress of planar solid oxide fuel cell stack

燃料电池可以直接将燃料的化学能转化为电能,其发电效率高、污染物排放少,是一种高效、洁净的发电装置.固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)的燃料适用性强、稳定性好,被认为是现阶段最有应用前景的绿色发电系统.本文介绍了SOFC的平板式单电池及电池堆的最新研究进展,以及国际上代表性研发单位的技术现状,并提出了在平板式SOFC商业化进程中亟待解决的问题.

Solid Oxide Fuel Cells （SOFCs） represent an attractive technology for the conversion of chemical to electrical energy because of their high efficiencies and low environmental impact. Additionally, they also have good fuel flexibility and long-term stability, which could direct utilize the hydrocarbon fuels and contribute to the more sparing utilisation of remaining fossil fuel reserves. Thus, they have been regarded as one of the most promising green power generation system in the near future. SOFC stacks are the key components of SOFC power generation system. Planar SOFC stack fabricated by assembling the planar single cells in series have the advantages of short current route and thereby of the low ohmic cell resistance, high power density and performance, simple structure, relatively easy fabrication process and low cost. However, it still has drawbacks of difficult sealing technique, low thermal cycle stability and high performance degradation. In this paper, the recent progress of the research and development on planar SOFC single cells and stacks are comprehensively reviewed, including the materials and structures of single cells, sealing strategy and types of sealants, design and materials of interconnects and the design and assembly of the stacks. The state of the art technologies and the current achievements of the companies and institutes which take the lead in SOFC field are introduced as well. Finally, some key issues need to be addressed for promoting the commercialization processes of planar SOFC stacks are put forward.