三例急性放射性皮肤损伤患者诊治及医学随访

Treatment and medical follow-up of three cases with acute radiation-induced skin injury

目的 通过对3例事故照射所致的急性放射性皮肤损伤患者诊治及随访,探讨放射性皮肤损伤的救治和远期效应.方法 采用“一对一”和“多对一”的方式采集病史,进行详细体格检查,观察临床表现、眼晶状体、细胞遗传学指标、免疫功能、内分泌功能、淋巴细胞染色体畸变分析等的变化.随访期间对3位受照者进行心理测评.结果 事故后,3位受照者中2例发生Ⅲ度急性放射性皮肤损伤,1例发生Ⅱ度急性放射性皮肤损伤.医学随访显示,2位受照者有无力型神经衰弱症状发生,2例Ⅲ度急性放射性皮肤损伤患者皮肤损伤迁延成慢性放射性皮肤损伤.心理测评提示1例患者平时焦虑、紧张,不能适当表露情绪.结论 急性放射性皮肤损伤可迁延成慢性放射性皮肤损伤,观察放射性皮肤损伤的远期医学效应有重要意义.

Objective To discuss diagnosis,treatment and late effects of three patients with acute radiation-induced skin injury after an accident.Methods Medical history collection and physical examination were made in a manner of one or several doctors to one patient.The general health condition was evaluated through laboratory studies,including complete blood count,liver and kidney function,thyroid function and humoral immunity measurement.The genetic analysis of radiation damage was performed by using chromosomal aberrations and micronucleus assay （CB method）.The psychological status of the patients was evaluated during medical follow-up.Results Among the three patients,two were diagnosed with degree Ⅲ acute radiation-induced skin injury and one with degree Ⅱ.The medical follow-up showed that two patients had syndrome of neurasthenia.The two cases with degree Ⅲ acute radiation-induced skin injury then became chronic radiation-induced skin damage.Conclusions Acute radiation-induced skin injury could be persistent and become chronic radiation skin damage.It is important for long-term medical follow-up to be taken for patients with acute radiation-induced skin injury.