数字摄影受检者辐射剂量调查

Investigation on radiation doses to patients in digital radiography

目的 了解数字摄影（DR）检查中受检者的辐射剂量水平,为数字放射摄影受检者指导水平的制定提供基础数据.方法 使用热释光剂量计TLD测量受检者不同部位、不同投照方向的入射体表剂量（ESD）;使用剂量面积乘积仪测量受检者不同部位、不同投照方向的剂量面积乘积（DAP）,并利用测量的DAP值,估算出有效剂量（E）.结果 同类检查中,kV和mAs的变化范围较大,不同部位DR检查中ESD、DAP和E的差别均具有统计学意义（F =33.47、24.68、43.19,P＜0.05）.其中,ESD和DAP均以腰椎（LAT）最高,均数为4.62 mGy/次和2.26 Gy·cm2/次;E以腹部（AP）最高,均数为0.59 mSv,高于腰椎（LAT）的0.31 mSv.结论 DR在加强受检者放射防护最优化方面很有潜力,应尽快建立适合我国国民体质特征的数字放射摄影受检者辐射剂量的指导水平.

Objective To investigate the patients＇ radiation dose received in digital radiography （DR） and provide basic data for developing diagnostic reference levels.Methods The patient＇ s ESD was estimated using the TLDs and DAP was measured by the dose-area product meter.The E values were then calculated by the DAP using Monte Carlo data and RefDose software.Measurements were made for twelve types of examination：skull PA,skull LAT,chest PA,chest LAT,abdomen AP,pelvis AP,cervix spine PA,cervix spine LAT,thoracic spine PA,thoracic spine LAT,lumber spine PA and lumber spine LAT.Results Both kV and mAs varied in the same type of examination for ESD,DAP and E（F =33.47,24.68,43.19,P ＜ 0.05）.The dose each time for lumber spine LAT was the highest,reached 4.62 mGy in ESD and 2.26 Gy·cm2 in DAP,respectively.The E of abdomen AP averaged as 0.59 mSv,higher than that of lumber spine LAT.Even for the same type of examination,the dose from each equipment was different.Conclusions DR has the potential to reduce the patients＇ radiation doses.The guidance levels suitable for Chinese population should be established as soon as possible.