不同程度抑郁个体反事实思维性别差异的研究

Gender differences in counterfactual thinking in individuals with different depression states

目的探讨不同程度抑郁个体反事实思维的性别差异。方法采用自我报告法、故事脚本法和反事实思维推理测验(counterfactual inference test,CIT)对正常对照组(n=60)、抑郁状态组(n=60)、抑郁患者组(n=60)进行测试(正常对照组、抑郁状态组根据BDI、SDS、HAMD量表得分筛选入组,抑郁患者组根据CCMD-3临床诊断入组),完成自发反事实思维、诱发反事实思维和CIT 3个试验任务,对自发和诱发反事实思维的数量、合理性及CIT得分进行评价。结果①在反事实思维数量方面,抑郁状态组中负性事件产生的自发反事实思维在数量上女性显著多于男性(P<0.05);②在反事实思维合理性方面,随着抑郁程度的增加,被试合理性逐渐降低。反事实思维合理性在性别上也无显著差异(P>0.05);③在CIT得分方面,随着被试抑郁程度的增加,CIT得分逐渐降低。CIT得分在性别上也无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论抑郁程度与反事实思维合理性和诱发反事实思维推理呈反比,抑郁状态的女性对负性事件产生的自发反事实思维数量多于男性。

Objective To investigate the gender differences in counterfactual thinking （CFT） produced by individuals with different depression states. Methods Totally 232 undergraduates from a university in Chongqing were surveyed by Beck depression inventory （BDI）, self-rating depression scale （SDS） and Hamilton depression scale （HAMD）. Then a total of 60 individuals with normal mental status （normal control） and 60 ones of depressive symptom （depressive symptom group） were recruited according to the results of the surveys. Another 60 depressed patients （depressed group） from psychiatric clinic of 2 hospitals in Chongqing were also enrolled. There were 30 males and 30 females in each group. No significant difference in baseline information was found among the 3 groups. The individuals of 3 groups were induced to produce spontaneous counterfactual thinking （SCFT） after recalling a negative event and induced counterfactual thinking （ICFT） after reading a story about a traffic event, then the individuals were demanded to complete the counterfactual inference test （CIT）. The results produced by 180 testees were analyzed with the software SPSS 18.0. Results There were significantly more females producing CFT than males in the depressive symptom group （P〈0.05）. The rationality of CFT was reduced with the depression states becoming worse. There was no obvious difference in rationality of CFT produced by different genders （P〉0.05）. The scores of CIT was decreased with the severity of depression. No significant gender difference was found on the scores （P〉0.05）. Conclusion Depression states are negatively proportional to the rationality of CFT and cued CIT. There are significantly more females than males who producing CFT in those individuals having depressive symptom after negative stimulation.