离土中国背景下的乡村纠纷研究

Rural Disputes in the Rural Context of "Uprootedness"

当下中国乡土社会的最大特征是"离土"。城乡的巨大流动动摇了中国乡村的传统秩序,冲破了差序格局的边界,个体得以迅速崛起。流动所带来的个体化广泛渗透入社会领域、家庭结构和私人空间之中,它直接决定了村民生存的逻辑,同样也决定着面对纠纷时的立场、观点、方式与解决办法。在此影响下,国家与农民之间关系的巨大变化也消解了乡村基层组织的功能,导致乡村纠纷解决上的乱象局面。在离土情境下,调解的作用逐渐减弱,原有的"实质性解决"蜕变成为"形式性解决"。

The present rural society of China is largely characterized by “uprootness”,for the large scale rural-urban migration has shaken the traditional rural social order,broken through the limitation of social distance pat-terns and boosted the individual development. The individualization brought about by the social in-and out-flowhas infiltrated into every stratum of the society including family structure and private space,determining the sus-tainable logic of villagers as well as their stands,concepts and resolving methods in the crisis of disputes. Such asocial change also dilutes the function of grass-root mediation organizations and causes the disorder of rural dis-pute settlement. Under the social background of “uprootedness”,the role of mediation is weakened and the origi-nal “structural mediation”is reduced to “trial mediation”.