土地流转、阶层分化与乡村治理转型——基于湖北省京山J村的调查

Farmland Transfer,Class Differentiation and Transformation of Rural Governance:Based on the Investigation of J Village of Jingshan County,Hubei Province

以户籍在村的家庭为基础,结合阶层分化与乡村治理的关系,用社会资源作为农民分层标准,同时纳入土地变量,将J村农户分为脱离土地阶层、外出务工阶层、半工半农阶层、小农兼业阶层、村庄贫弱阶层。不同阶层的利益诉求、地位秉赋、政治态度、社会表现不同,维护基层秩序的能力和动力也有差异。在阶层分化的条件下,乡村治理应该适时转型,深入调查农民阶层的发展状况,有针对性地加强治理能力建设,整合阶层利益关系,维护农村社会稳定,推动农村政治发展。小农兼业阶层是当前农村的中间阶层,他们是融洽阶层利益关系,维护农村社会秩序,发扬基层社会民主,实现农业现代化的主要力量,应该得到积极培育和支持。

This paper divided the households in J Village into five classes--uprooted,migrating laborer,semifarmingand semi-working,farming plus sideline production and disadvantageous--on the basis of permanentvillage residence,in accordance with the social resources and land variables and in view of the relationship be-bweenclass division and rural governance. The capacity and motivation for maintaining the rural social order varywith the interest appeal,social position predisposition,political attitude and social performance of different ruralclasses. Under the current social stratification, the rural governance should transform its mode, pertinentlystrengthen its management and administration and readjust the interest relationship between classes on the basis ofa survey on the rural social hierarchy in order to maintain social stability and boost the rural political develop-ment. The farming plus sideline production is the middle class in the rural society and it is a mainstay in harmoni-zing the class interest relationship,maintaining rural social order,promoting rural democracy and realizing agricul-tural modernization and hence it should be cultivated and supported.