微生物细胞色素P450与胆固醇的生物代谢

Microorganism Cytochrome P450 and Cholesterol Metabolism

细胞色素P450(CYP450)是一类含亚铁血红素的单加氧酶,广泛存在于各类生物体内,参与多种外源物质的代谢和内源物质的转化,如甾类激素、胆汁酸、胆固醇等的代谢。胆固醇是一种环戊烷多氢菲的衍生物,也是人类重要的脂类物质和许多特殊生物活性物质的前体之一,当其过量时会导致高胆固醇血症、动脉粥样硬化、静脉血栓生成等,对机体产生不利的影响。微生物CYP450酶可催化胆固醇的生物代谢,特别是其中的CYP125酶是胆固醇分解代谢起始的关键酶,可用作调节胆固醇代谢的药物靶标。

Cytochrome P450（CYP450）, a monooxygenases containing heme, which is widely distributed in living organisms, involved in a variety of the metabolism of xenobioties and the transformation of endogenous, such as steroid hormones, bile acid, and cholesterol. Cholesterol is a derivatives of cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene, is also one of the most important precursor for human lipid material and of many special biological active materials. When cholesterol is excessive, it would lead to hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, thrombosis and other adverse effects on the organism. Microorganism cytochrome P450 could catalyze biological metabolism of cholesterol. Especially, CYP125 is a key enzyme in the initiation of cholesterol catabolism, which would be used as new drug targets for regulating cholesterol metabolism.