甘薯花青苷生物合成调控研究进展

Progress on Anthocyanin Biosynthesis of Sweetpotato

紫肉甘薯中的花青苷有较强的抗氧化能力,在医疗保健和工业生产上发挥着重要作用,受到越来越多消费者的青睐。本文综述了近几年紫肉甘薯块根花青苷合成调控的研究进展,并对影响甘薯花青苷生物合成与积累的众多因素进行探讨,主要包括花青苷生物合成的相关酶基因苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、查尔酮合成酶(CHS)、查尔酮异构酶(CHI)、黄烷酮3-羟化酶(F3H)、二羟基黄酮醇还原酶(DFR)、花青苷合成酶(ANS)以及类黄酮3-O-糖基转移酶(UFGT)、转录调控因子(MYB,bHLH和WD40)、MicroRNA和可溶性糖,以及光照、温度、钾元素等重要环境因子。归纳分析发现,甘薯花青苷的合成和积累与相关酶基因和转录因子的表达有直接的关系,MicroRNA活性、可溶性糖、光、温度、钾元素等通过不同调控机制以促进花青苷的合成。通过对这些影响甘薯花青苷合成途径内外因子的分析和汇总,可以明确甘薯花青苷代谢机制,为紫甘薯品质育种提供思路和方向。

The anthocyanins in purple-fleshed sweet potato have strong antioxidant capacity, which play an important role in the health care and industrial production and accepted by more and more consumers. The recent research on anthocyanin biosynthesis of storage root of purple-fleshed sweet potato was reviewed in this paper. Major factors affecting anthocyanin biosynthesis and accumulation of sweetpotato were discussed including structural genes （phenylalanine ammonialyase, PAL; chalconesynthase, CHS; chalconeisomerase, CHI; flavanone 3-hydroxylase, F3H; dihydrofavonol 4-reductase, DFR; anthocyanin synthase, ANS; and flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase, UFGT）, transcription factors （MYB, bHLH and WD40）, MicroRNA, soluble sugar, and important environmental factors such as light, temperature and potassium element. Inductive analysis found that sweet potato anthocyanin synthesis and accumulation were directly correlated with the expression of enzyme genes and relative transcription factors. MicroRNA activity, soluble sugar, light, temperature and potassium promoted anthocyanin synthesis through different regulatory mechanisms. In order to make clear anthocyanin metabolic mechanism of sweet potato and provide ideas for high-quality purple-fleshed sweet potato breeding, this paper summarized internal and external factors affecting anthocyanin biosynthesis.