大麻新遗传标记的研究进展及其应用

Advances in Cannabic New Genetic Markers and Its Application

大麻为大麻科大麻属1～2年生雌雄异株草本植物，是包括中国在内的许多国家的重要经济作物。由于大麻花叶部分含有四氢大麻酚（THC）这一具有强烈成瘾性和麻醉性的毒性成分，因而成为主要的毒品源之一，因此，大麻植株的鉴定对于打击贩毒及相关刑事案件的审定具有重要的意义。传统的分子生物学鉴定使用的大麻遗传标记有随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）和扩增片段长度多态性（AFLP）等，但它们易受环境条件的影响，重复性和稳定性差，仅适用大麻研究中引物的初筛。本文综述了近年来新发现的大麻遗传标记，如序列特异性扩增区（SCAR）、叶绿体基因组（cpDNA）上的特定基因位点、短串联重复序列（STR）、单核苷酸多态性（SNP）的特性以及研究进展，并探讨它们在大麻育种、法庭科学、大麻系统进化等方面的应用前景，旨在为法庭科学和农业育种学等相关学科的应用和研究提供参考。

Abstract Cannabis is an annual or biennial dioecious herb, belonging to cannabis genus of cannabaceae. It is an important economic crop in many countries including China. However, the leaves and infioresences of cannabis contain high tetrahydrocannabinol （THC）, which is a toxic ingredient with strong addiction and narcotic, thus as one main sources of drugs. Therefore, the identification of cannabis plant has important significance in the fighting against drug trafficking and related criminal cases. Traditional carmabic genetic marks include random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD）, amplified fragment length polymorphism （AFLP） et al. But they are susceptible to environmental conditions, unrepeatable and unstable, which is only suitable for primers screening. The article reviews the characteristics and the research progress ofcannabic new genetic marks, including sequence-characterized amplified region （SCAR）, chloroplast DNA （cpDNA）, short tandem repeats （STR） and single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNP）, and applicability in cannabis breeding, forensic science and evolution of system. The purpose is to provide a reference for forensic science and other relevant studies.