加工贸易的本质——从产业链和生产要素的分析视角

The Essence of Processing Trade:An Analysis in View of Industry Chain and Production Factors

"加工贸易"作为中文语境下的一个概念,其基本含义是以"保税"为特征的一种贸易方式,它是在国际产业链"碎片化"产业条件下的一种国际间的产品内贸易。加工贸易与一般贸易的区别,在于加工贸易不是一种全要素贸易,而是一种以劳动力为基础的生产要素贸易,其本质是一种特殊形式的"劳务输出"。加工贸易的广泛存在,使中国对外贸易在结构上呈现出"虚幻性"。通过辨析加工贸易的特征,有助于我们更准确地理解中国的贸易现实。

Processing trade is a Chinese rooted conception, a kind of trade pattern featured with tariff rebate, and in reality, a kind of intra-production international trade under the condition of fragmentation of international industry chains. It is different from general trade in that it is not a kind of total factor trade but a kind of production factor trade, or namely, labor trade, essentially a kind of special style of labor service export. The popularization of processing trade in China has brought some illusory characters to China＇s foreign trade structure. Identifying the essence of processing trade can help to understand the reality of China＇s foreign trade more accurately.