高构架玉米喷雾机门式喷雾系统

Gate-type Spray System of High-frame Corn Spayer

为对玉米植株中下部病虫害进行有效防治,设计了将吊杆喷雾装置与横喷杆相结合的门式喷雾系统。通过理论与试验方法确定了主要结构及性能参数:顶喷头与吊杆喷头分别选用80°和110°扁扇喷头,'Y'形支管与吊杆夹角为20°,吊杆长度为1 200 mm,在竖直方向上对作物植株的喷幅为1 150 mm。试验台试验表明:与常规横喷杆喷雾结构相比,在相同喷雾量下该系统对玉米上层与中层叶片正面单位面积雾滴沉积量提高了12.5%以上;吊杆喷雾装置的设计显著提高了玉米植株中层叶片背面与下层叶片正面及背面的雾滴沉积;吊杆喷雾装置与横喷杆的结合,提高了雾滴在植株不同高度水平层面的沉积均匀性。

A gate-type spray system was introduced for better control of insect pest in the corn crop grown mid latterly, due to the problem caused by coverage limitation of high-frame corn sprayer and low efficiency of hand operating knapsack sprayer. The new sprayer combined suspender spray device and horizontal spray boom, and was suitable to high-frame row span and self-propelled sprayer of the corn zone in northeast China. The structural and performance parameters of the system derived by theory and experiment methods were as follows： the spray angle of top nozzle and branch nozzle were 80° and 110° respectively, the angle between the ＂Y＂ branch boom and the vertical boom was 20°, the length of the boom was 1 200 mm, the spray scale of the gate-type spray system in the vertical plane was 1 150 mm. For analyzing the deposition characteristics of the gate-type spray system, a contrast test with the conventional boom sprayer was carried out on the test bed. Compared with the latter, the advantages of the gate-type spray system were shown as follows： the unit area droplets deposited amount（UADDA） on the front surface of the leaves located on upper-middle positions was 12.5% higher than the latter, while the spray volume was the same. The UADDA on the back side of the leaves located middle position and the two sides of the leaves of the lower positions were significantly increased by using the suspender spray device. The combination of suspender and horizontal boom resulted in better deposition uniformity.