不同溶剂和提取方式对黄连-甘草药对中有效成分提取率的影响

Effects of Different Solvents and Extraction Methods on Extraction Percentages of Active Components from Couplet Medicines of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Coptidis Rhizoma

目的：考察不同溶剂和提取方式对酸碱配伍药对中有效成分提取率的影响。方法：选择黄连-甘草药对为研究对象，以水和75％乙醇为提取溶剂，提取方式包括混合或单独煎煮与回流，考察不同溶剂和提取方式对黄连-甘草药对中有效成分提取率的影响。采用RP-HPLC测定甘草酸及甘草苷、盐酸小檗碱含量，流动相分别为乙腈（A）-0．05％磷酸溶液（B）梯度洗脱（0～8min，19％A；8～35min，19％～50％A；35～36min，50％～100％A；36～40min，100％～19％A）和乙腈-0．05mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾溶液（50：50），检测波长依次为237，345nm。结果：以盐酸小檗碱为指标，提取率排序为混合乙醇回流（100．0％）〉单独乙醇回流（98．2％）〉单独水煎（80．3％）〉混合水煎（54．6％）；以甘草酸为指标，提取率排序为混合乙醇回流（100．7％）〉单独水煎（99．8％）〉单独乙醇回流（97．8％）〉混合水煎（69．0％）；以甘草苷为指标，提取率排序为混合乙醇回流（98．5％）〉单独乙醇回流（93．6％）〉单独水煎（91．3％）〉混合水煎（66．9％）。混合醇提液减压回收乙醇会产生大量沉淀，经水洗涤后，小檗碱、甘草酸、甘草苷转移率均〉88％。结论：溶剂和提取方式对黄连一甘草药对中有效成分提取率影响较大，提示含酸碱药对的方剂在临床汤剂应用中更适合分开提取，而工业生产中以乙醇提取为最佳。

Objective： To investigate effects of different solvents and extraction methods on yield of active ingredients from couplet medicines of acid-base compatibility. Method： With couplet medicines of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Coptidis Rhizoma as the object of this research, water and 75% ethanol as extracting solvents, mixing or single reflux-boiling as extracting methods, effects of different solvents and extraction methods on yield of active ingredients from this couplet medicines were investigated. RP-HPLC was adopted to determine contents of liquiritin and glycyrrhizin, berberine hydrochloride with mobile phase of acetonitrile （A） -0.05% phosphoric acid solution （B） for gradient elution （0-8 min, 19% A; 8-35 min, 19%-50% A; 35-36 min, 50% -100% A; 36-40 min, 100% -19% A） and acetonitrile-0.05 mol · L-1 KH2PO4 solution （50： 50） , detection wavelength at 237 and 345 nm, respectively. Result： With berberine hydrochloride as index, extracting rate was in the order of mixing ethanol reflux （ 100.0% ） 〉 ethanol reflux alone （98.2%） 〉 decoction alone （80.3%） 〉 mixing decoction （54.6%） ; Extracting percentages of glycyrrhizin were sorted as following： mixing ethanol reflux （100. 7% ） 〉 decoction alone （99.8%） 〉 ethanol reflux alone （97.8%） 〉 mixing decoction （69.0%）; Yield of liquiritin was in the order of mixing ethanol reflux （98.5%） 〉 ethanol reflux alone （93.6%） 〉 decoction alone （91.3%） 〉 mixing decoction （66.9%）. After mixing alcohol extract were taken vacuum recovery, there was a lot of precipitate, it was washed by water, transfer rates of liquiritin, glycyrrhizin and berberine hydrochloride were more than 88%. Conclusion： Solvents and extraction methods had significant influence on yield of active ingredients from couplet medicines of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Coptidis Rhizoma, this study showed that prescription containing couplet medicines of acid-base compatibility extracted separately in clinical decoction applocation, but it should be extracted by ethanol in industrial production.