1985年至2010年宁夏汉族中小学生健康水平变化特点

Characteristic analysis for change in health for Han primary and secondary school students from 1985 to 2010 in Ningxia

目的分析宁夏地区汉族中小学生1985年至2010年体格生长发育水平、体质状况及肥胖检出率的动态变化趋势。方法利用1985、1991、1995、2000、2005、2010年全国学生体质与健康调研数据。以身高、体质量和胸围反映体格生长发育水平；以肺活量、50m跑、肺活量指数作为体质状况评价指标。结果1．体质量和胸围的增长速度较快，身高增速相对滞后。城市女童体质量增速高于乡村。2．25年来男女肺活量总体呈下降趋势，2005年后下降趋势尤为明显，乡村降幅速度大于城市，女童大于男童。肺活量指数男童2005年以后降幅速度较大。女童除个别年龄组外，各年龄组均呈下降趋势。1985年至2005年，男女童50m跑用时呈缩短趋势，1995年至2005年10年间缩短速度有所减缓，2005年至2010年除个别年龄组总体呈明显的延长趋势，男童延长速度大于女童，城市大于乡村。3．1985年至2010年25年问超重、肥胖率年均增速男为15．0％、28．1％；女为12．4％、25．O％。肥胖率增速高于超重，男童增速高于女童，2000年至2005年超重肥胖率是各阶段增速最快的5年。超重、肥胖率年均增长速度与国内生产总值（GDP）保持相同增长趋势。结论宁夏儿童青少年体格发育水平快速提高与体质状况的下降、超重、肥胖率的迅速增长现象并存。相关部门应根据本地区特点采取措施积极应对，并加强重点人群健康干预。

Objective To analyze the dynamic trends of physical development, constitutional fitness, and pre- valence of obesity among Han children and adolescents in Ningxia aged 7 - 18 years from 1985 to 2010. Methods Da- ta were collected from the National Survey on Students Constitution and Health in 1985,1991,1995,2000,2005 and 2010, respectively. Height ,weight and chest circumference were used to evaluate physical development, vital capacity, 50-meter running and vital capacity versus weight ratio for the evaluation of constitutional fitness. Results 1. Weight and chest circumference increased faster than height. The average annual increase of weight among the urban girls was significantly faster than those in rural areas. 2. The tempo per year of vital capacity in both boys and girls decreased during 25 years,especially after 2005. The rural students had a faster tempo than those in the urban students, and the rate in boys was higher than those in girls. Vital capacity to weight ratio in boys decreased from 2005 much more than before, and had a decreasing trend in each age group except for a few groups in girls. There was a decrease in the mean time of 50-meter running in both boys and girls from 1985 to 2005, whereas the decrease became slow during 1995 - 2005. The prolonged trend in 50-meter-run time existed during 2005 - 2010. The average prolonged speeds per decade in boys and urban students was higher than that in girls and rural areas. 3. From 1985 to 2010 year,the increasing pre- valence of overweight and obesity among boys and girls was 15.0% ,25.0% and 28.1% , 12.4% , respectively. The average increasing rate was much higher in the obese than in the over-weighted children, and there were more in boys than in girls. There was a similar positive trend of increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity with the increased gross domestic product. Conclusions The physical growth and development among students in Ningxia increased rapi- dly, along with the descending trend of average annual rate of physical fitness as well as the rising trend of prevalence o- besity. Some measures should be taken by the government to tackle with the situation, and the healthy intervention should be applied to the high risk population.