孤独症儿童饮食谱及食物偏好研究

The food repertoire and food preference in children with autism spectrum disorder

目的 探究孤独症儿童食物偏好的特点,通过对其异常饮食行为原因的分析,为其异常饮食行为的改善途径提供参考.方法 采用自编家长问卷的形式,对162例正常发育儿童以及162例孤独症儿童在中国常见的六大类共113种食物进行食物偏好调查.结果 1.研究发现对于谷薯类[正常儿童拒绝0.0（1.0）种,孤独症儿童拒绝1.0（2.0）种,P＜0.001]、豆类[正常儿童拒绝0.0（1.0）种,孤独症儿童拒绝0.0（2.0）种,P＜0.05]、肉类[正常儿童拒绝0.0（0.0）种,孤独症儿童拒绝0.0（2.0）种,P＜0.05]、蔬菜类[正常儿童拒绝3.0（5.0）种,孤独症儿童拒绝6.0（10.0）种,P＜0.001]和水果类[正常儿童拒绝0.0（1.0）种,孤独症儿童拒绝2.0（5.0）种,P＜0.001]的食物,孤独症儿童拒绝的食物种类都显著多于正常儿童,差异有统计学意义;2.在正常儿童中性别并不影响其食物偏好,而孤独症儿童中男孩在谷薯类[孤独症女孩拒绝0.0（1.0）种,孤独症男孩拒绝1.0（2.0）种,P＜0.05]和蔬菜类[孤独症女孩拒绝3.5（5.0）种,孤独症男孩拒绝7.0（11.0）种,P＜0.05]选择中比女孩更加挑剔;3.对于绝大多数的食物,孤独症儿童的接受度都显著低于正常儿童,而却对方便面（正常儿童接受度71.01％,孤独症儿童接受度81.02％,P＜0.001）和辣椒（正常儿童接受度20.71％,孤独症儿童接受度28.47％,P＜0.05）有着特殊的偏好.结论 与正常儿童相比,孤独症儿童的饮食谱狭窄;对辣椒和方便面这两种刺激性食物则有着更高的接受度.

Objective To explore the characteristics of food preferences in children with autism spectrum disorder,in order to provide some reference for treating the odd diet habits.Methods Comparing food selection styles through a self-made parents questionnaire including 113 kinds of common food in six categories in China in 162 cases of neurotypical children （NC） and 162 cases of children with autism （AC） to investigate the food preference characteristics of autistic children.Results Compared with NC,AC had narrow food repertoire in grain （NC refuse 0.0（1.0）,AC refuse 1.0（2.0）,P＜0.001）,beans（NC refuse 0.0（1.0）,AC refuse 1.0（2.0）,P＜ 0.05）,meat （NC refuse 0.0 （0.0）,AC refuse 0.0 （2.0）,P＜ 0.05）,vegetables （NC refuse 3.0 （5.0）,AC refuse 6.0（1.0）,P＜0.001） and fruits（NC refuse 0.0（1.0）,AC refuse 2.0（5.0）,P＜0.001）.There was no difference in the food preferences in neurotypical children of different gender.However,AC boys were more selective in the grain （NA girls refuse 0.0 （1.0）,AC boys refuse 1.0 （2.0）,P＜ 0.05） and vegetables （NA girls refuse 3.5 （5.0）,AC boys refuse 7.0（11.0）,P＜0.05） than AC girls.Moreover,AC had higher preference to lower acceptance in most of food than NC,but not instant noodles（NC acceptance 71.01％,AC acceptance 81.02％,P＜0.05） and chilli （NC acceptance 20.71％,AC acceptance 28.47％,P＜0.05）.Conclusion Compared with NC,AC have narrower food repertoire.On the other hand,AC have significantly higher acceptance of stimulating food like chili and instant noodle.