乌鲁木齐某社区中老年人膳食营养状况分析

Analysis on diet and nutritional status of middle-elderly residents of Urumqi community

目的了解乌鲁木齐市社区中老年居民膳食营养状况,为今后合理指导中老年人膳食营养提供参考依据。方法采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样的方法,通过24 h膳食回顾法收集乌市社区579名中老年人的膳食种类和摄入量。结果社区中老年人膳食构成以植物性食物为主,其中粮谷类、蔬菜水果类、畜禽肉类、蛋类的摄入量达到或接近中国居民平衡膳食宝塔推荐摄入量,而油脂和盐的摄入量分别为39.0 g/d、12.1 g/d,均超过了推荐摄入量;3大产热营养素产热分配比例中,蛋白质、脂肪的供能百分比分别为15.9%、38.2%,高于推荐比例,而碳水化合物供能比为45.9%,低于推荐比例;钙的摄入量为614.7 mg/d,远低于参考摄入量,而铁的摄入量虽然达到参考摄入量,但来源较差,77.1%来自于植物性食物。结论乌鲁木齐市社区中老年人膳食结构仍欠平衡,应加强宣传教育,提高营养知识水平;日常饮食中建议中老年人多吃蔬菜水果和鱼,减少油脂和盐的摄入,从而达到促进健康和合理营养的目的。

Objective To understand the diet and nutritional status of middle-elderly residents of Urumqi community, and to improve the nutrition and health of the middle-elderly people. Methods With the method of multistage stratified random cluster sampling, the 24 hours food intake method was used to collect the variety of different kind of food and the intake amount among 579 middle-elderly residents in Urumqi Community. Results The major food for the invested residents was plant-based foods. Among them, intakes of cereals, vegetables, fruits, poultry meat and eggs reached or got close to the Chinese Food Guide Pagoda. However, fat and salt intakes were 39. 0 g/d, and 12. 1 g/d, which was more than the Chinese Food Guide Pagoda. The energies from protein and fat were 15.9% and 38.2% , which was higher than those of the recommended ratios, while carbohydrates was below the recommended ratio （ 45.9% ）. Calcium intake level was 614. 7 mg/d, well below the RNI. Though the intake reached the RNI, but the source of iron was poor, 77. 1% iron came from the plant. Conclusions The dietary status of middle-elderly residents of Urumqi community was not very reasonable, and community nutritional education are needed to increase their nutritional knowledge. In daily life, middle-elderly people should eat more vegetables, fruits and fish, less fat and salt, thereby can get good health and balanced nutrition.