后现代伦理与后现代政治

Postmodern ethic and postmodern policy

我们的社会似在面临深刻的变化。在道德的普遍主义之后,似是伦理的特殊主义在回归。种族斗争、部落纷涌等回归现象,这些定义了后现代政治的事物,表现出"在远处的松绑是为了巩固与他者在此地的分担"的需要。如果说道德是朝向完美社会的前程,伦理则是朝向起源,朝向刻画了原初、基础的"古老"的缓慢归路。在这样的意义上,伦理表现出大众共存的实质。在这样的意义上,人们能够讨论"美学的伦理",它是基于被分享的感情和激情的连结物。这种共存不像是社会契约所意愿的那种和谐,而更像是使人类特征一体化,出自"感情协定"的和谐。共存也是关于"公众场"的集体智慧,人们应当珍惜而非破坏。这样的寻根可以是积极的。伦理的这种根深蒂固同时又充满活力的"信赖联系"功能让我们懂得在短暂的权力之外,还有永恒在时间之中的根本性的势力。在这种时间链上,未来不像是在道德中那样,它不再是制约个人存在的绝对,个人存在只有参照过去才会有意义:永恒活在当下。因此,与现代道德的"应该是怎样"相反,伦理的"能够是怎样"或"希望是怎样"可以很好地总结出后现代公民关系所采取的形式。

Our society seems to be facing with profound changes. After a moral universalism cycle, ethnic particularism seems to be back. The return of ethnic phenomena, tribal exacerbations, all these things defining postmodern politics,show a need to break away from the distant,to belong to a place shared with others. While morality is a rush to a perfect society, ethics is a slow return to the origin, to＂archaic tradition＇characterizing what is first, fundamental. In that way, ethic expresses the substance of popular living-together and it is in this way that we may talk of an＂ethics of aesthetics＂, that is the cement from the emotions or the shared passions. Living together is not harmony as in the social contract, but rather a consequence incorporating the entirety of human gender, harmony stemming from the emotional Pact. Living together is also this collective wisdom with regard to the＂common house＂we must conserve not devastate. A rooting place to progress further. Because this rooting can also be dynamic. This function of ＂reliance＇of ethics, providing a better understanding that beyond the ephemeral powers, there is a basic power enduring over time. In these fetters of time, the future is no longer, as in morality, an absolute conditioning the individual existence, but this has a meaning only in reference to the past. eternity is experienced in the present. And Contrary to the＂must-be＇of modern morality,the＂can- be＇or the＂want to be＇of ethic,sum up the form of the postmodern civic link.