试论《战国策》中歌谣谚语的运用

On the Use of the Ballad and the Proverb in Zhanguoce

歌谣与谚语是先秦社会两种重要的言语形态。《战国策》中歌谣、谚语运用的状况反映了战国时代歌谣与谚语的传播与接受。相对于春秋时期歌谣以集体演唱为主,战国时期的歌谣以个体吟唱、抒发个体情感、展现个体内心世界为主。因此,《战国策》中的歌谣具有重要的艺术功能,它是展现人物冲突、展示人物个性的重要手段,有的歌谣以丰厚的意蕴扩展了作品的艺术表现力。相对于春秋时人的谚语,《战国策》中的谚语俚俗化色彩增强,说理效能得到了强化。

Ballads and proverbs are the two important verbal forms in the pre-Qin society.The ballads and proverbs in Zhanguoce reflects the dissemination and acceptance of them in the Warring States Period. The ballads which express personal feelings and show the inner-world of the individual are sung, individually in the Warring States Period.However, the ballads are sung collectively in the Spring and Autumn Period.The ballad has a great influence on the artistic expression of the works in Zhanguoce.It is an important means which shows the confliction between the characters and the personalities of theirs. Some ballads expand the artistic expression of the works with the rich connotation. Compared with the proverb in the Spring and Autumn Period,the proverb＇s popularity and reasoning function are strength,ened in Zhanguoce.