中国女性政治参与的历史回顾和展望

The Retrospect and Prospect of the Political Participation of Chinese Women

当代中国女性的政治参与主要经历了20世纪初以"女子参政权"为导向的自发式政治参与,1949年后以"集体利益"为导向的动员式政治参与,和改革开放后以"个人利益"为导向的主动式政治参与三个阶段。如今,虽然中国女性主动表达个人利益诉求和政治意愿的政治参与行为有所增加,但她们的政治参与偏重"个人利益",以"公共利益"为导向的政治参与缺乏;并且中国女性整体的政治参与程度仍偏低,这主要表现为参与的"比例少"和参与者地位的"边缘化"两方面。展望未来,中国女性以"个人利益"和"公共利益"为导向的主动式政治参与都将越来越多,以后应拓展女性的制度化政治参与途径,并深入挖掘网络参与的"制度性空间"。

The contemporary Chinese women＇s political participation mainly experienced three stages： ＂women＇s suffrage＂ oriented of the spontaneous political participation at the beginning of the 20th Century ; the ＂collective interests＂ oriented of the mobilized political participation after 1949; and the ＂personal interests＂ oriented of the active political participation after the reform and opening-up. At present, although more and more Chinese women are willing to express their personal interests and to participate in the political af- fairs, their political participation lays less stress on collective interests but too much stress on personal interests. And in general, Chinese women＇ s political participation is still lower than that of men, characterized by less proportion and marginalized. In the future, Chinese women＇ s active political participation with ＂personal interest＂ and ＂public interest＂ as the guidance will be increasing. As a result, the institutionalized ways of women＇s political participation should be expanded and the ＂institutional space＂ of the network political participation needs to be developed.