马克思的财富观与幸福观及其当代意义——《1857—1858年经济学手稿》的政治哲学解读

Marx's concepts of wealth and happiness and their contemporary significance:interpretation of political philosophy of Economic Manuscripts 1857-1858

《1857—1858年经济学手稿》是马克思的经济学著作,但其实质上隐含着马克思的政治哲学立场。在《手稿》中,马克思坚持政治经济批判的方法,以劳动与生产作为财富的基石,阐释资本主义在资本逻辑统治下社会财富生产的悖论和分配不公正现象,揭示资本权力下对抗性的加剧和劳动阶级非幸福的苦难境遇。通过对资本主义将"劳动时间"作为"财富的尺度"的批判,指出未来社会财富的宏大基石从劳动生产转到人自身的生产,从而促进人的潜能的发展,实现人的自由全面发展;劳动时间将成为自由时间,人们真正在闲暇时间中享受幸福,实现真正的社会的个人的发展。马克思的财富观与幸福观对改变当今社会人的生活状态具有重要的现实意义。

The Economic Manuscripts 1857-1858 are Marx＇s works on economics, but in fact it implies Marx＇s political philosophy position. In the Manuscripts, Marx insists on political and economic critique method, takes labor and production as the cornerstone of wealth, explains the paradox of social wealth production and the unfairness of distribution under the rule of capital logic in capitalist society, and reveals the rising of antagonism and the suffering unhappiness situation of working class under capital power. Through the critique of taking “labor time” as “scale of wealth” in capitalist society, Marx points out that the grand foundation of society wealth will change from labor production to the self production of human being in the future, so as to promote the development of the potential of human being, and realize the free and overall development of them; labor time will become free time, people will really enjoy happiness in their leisure time, and realize real social and personal development. Marx＇s concepts of wealth and happiness have great practical significance of changing the living condition of human being in modern society.