低维氮化硼纳米材料

Low-dimensional boron nitride nanomaterials

低维碳纳米材料的广泛研究,引起了人们对于纳米尺度范围内不同维度的同素异形体材料的极大关注.氮化硼纳米材料具有与碳纳米材料类似的结构,但具有完全不同的性质.不同于金属性和半导体性的碳纳米管,氮化硼纳米管是一种电绝缘体,其带隙不依赖于管子的几何构型,它具有高的热传导率、优异的化学稳定性和良好的机械性能.二维的氮化硼纳米薄膜具有同样的优点.这些独特的性能使得氮化硼纳米管和纳米薄膜在各种潜在的领域,如光电子器件、功能复合材料、储氢,催化等,具有重要的应用前景.本文概述了我们在一维氮化硼纳米管、二维氮化硼纳米薄膜方面的一些理论研究,包括氮化硼纳米管与单层材料的结构、缺陷、化学修饰、气体吸附以及三维氮化硼纳米超结构.

Extensive studies of low-dimensional carbon nanomaterials have attracted tremendens attention to the allotropes of other elements.Boron nitride nanomaterials are structurally analogous to carbon nanomaterials,but possess quite different properties.Unlike metallic or semiconducting carbon nanotubes （CNTs）,the boron nitride nanotubes （BNNTs） are electrical insulators,basically independent of their diameters and chirality.BNNTs possess high thermal conductivity,excellent mechanical properties,and high chemical stability.The same advantages are applicable to two-dimensional monolayer boron nitride sheets.These unique properties make BNNTs and BN sheets promising nanomaterials in many potential fields,such as optoelectronic nanodevices,functional composites,hydrogen storage,and catalyze.This paper reviewed our theoretical studies on the BNNTs and BN sheets,including their electronic properties,chemical modification,defects,hydrogen storage and boron nitride superarchitecture.