快速城镇化地区生态-环境-经济耦合协同发展研究综述

Coupling and synergetic development of ecological-environment-economy in rapidly urbanizing regions: A review

国外不乏城镇化与生态、环境双向作用关系、城市可持续发展路径等研究,但由于城镇化进程和国情不同,国外鲜见快速城镇化地区的研究。快速城镇化地区作为我国经济社会活跃的地带,又是矛盾多发、尖锐的地区,存在生态、环境、经济诸多问题。有必要梳理快速城镇化地区生态-环境-经济耦合协同发展的文献,查找研究的不足和努力的方向,贯彻生态文明,指导我国城镇化的快速发展与质量提升。当前快速城镇化地区的研究梳理为3个方面:其一,国家尺度、区域尺度、区位布局层面快速城镇化地区内涵外延界定,其存在的区内生态、环境、经济问题、以及区际矛盾;其二,快速城镇化地区生态维度、环境维度、经济维度等单一维度、某一方面的研究;其三,快速城镇化地区生态-环境-经济多要素、多维度间耦合关联与协同发展的研究。总结出当前研究存在的3个不足:即单维度研究多、两维度次之,多维度、系统性、多学科研究缺乏;结构、功能构成论研究多,耦合生成内在机理研究少;东部发达地区研究多,中西部加速城镇化地区研究少。基于此,提出了快速城镇化地区生态-环境-经济耦合协同研究努力方向,应针对微观、中观、宏观不同区域层次界定和研究快速城镇化地区;研究重点由单纯注重东部地区状态分析和问题验证,转向东部地区经验借鉴和中西部地区过程监督、指导并重。研究视角上综合运用经济学、系统学、地理学等多科学知识和方法;研究主要内容从生态、环境、经济系统构成论走向生成论。借鉴一般性区域生态-环境-经济耦合模式和耦合协同量化测度方法。注重理论研究和实践的对接,实现农户、企业、政府等主体,产业、生态、环境等政策,科技、制度、信息等要素,土地、规划、建设等管理部门的协同。

There was no lack of foreign studies about two-way relationships between urbanization and ecology, urbanization and environment, or urban sustainable development paths. But due to the differences of urbanization process and national conditions, foreign studies towards rapidly urbanizing regions were uncommon. As the heart of China＇s economic and social activity, rapidly urbanizing regions were also areas having multiple and sharp contradictories, exiting many ecological, environmental, and economic problems. It was necessary to combing literatures of ecology-environment-economy coupling and synergetic developments of rapidly urbanizing regions. So that inadequacies and the directions of efforts were find to implement the ecological civilization to guide the rapid development and quality improving of China＆#39;s urbanization. Current studies on rapidly urbanizing regions can be combed into three aspects：firstly, definitions with the national scale, regional scale and geographical layout level of rapidly urbanizing regions including connotation and extension and existing ecological, environmental and economic problems in the regions as well as inter-district conflicts. Secondly, single dimension or single aspect studies on economy, ecology or environment in rapidly urbanizing regions; thirdly, coupling and synergetic development of different elements or different dimensions during ecology-environment-economy system in rapidly urbanizing regions. Then, three inadequacies of current studies are summarized. First, studies about single dimension are many; studies about two dimensions are following; multi-dimensional, systematic, interdisciplinary studies are deficiency. Second, structure and function studies about ecological-environmental-economic systems are many but intrinsic and coupling generate mechanism studies are less. Third, researches about the eastern developed regions are many but the studies on Midwest regions with accelerating urbanization are less. Based on this, ecology-environment-economy coupling and synergetic development of rapidly urbanizing regions research endeavors should focus on the next aspects： Deifications and studies of rapidly urbanizing regions in micro, meso and macro-regional level; Research focus transferring from solely problems’ verification and state analysis of the eastern region to both experience of eastern regions and process supervision and guidance of the central and western regions;Integrated use of scientific knowledge and methodologies of economics, system science, geography, and other multi-research perspective;Research content from the constitutional theory of ecological, environmental, economic system to generative theory. Learning ecology-environment-economy coupling modes and quantitative measuring methods of the general regions; Theoretical research with practice to achieve the synergy of subjects as farmers, businesses and government; synergy of policies as industrial, ecological and environmental policy;synergy of elements as science and technology, systems and information;synergy of management departments as land, planning and construction department.