影响新生儿出生体质量的多因素分析

Analysis of factors affecting the neonatal birth weight

目的了解新生儿出生体质量的影响因素。方法采取随机整群抽样方法收集北京、哈尔滨、长沙及广州4个城市5 539例单胎活产新生儿出生体质量及相关数据,运用单因素分析及多元Logistic回归分析,筛选新生儿出生体质量的影响因素。结果单因素分析显示,新生儿性别和胎龄,母亲产次、年龄、妊娠前体质指数(BMI)、孕期增加体质量、文化程度和职业8个因素对新生儿出生体质量有影响。采用Logistic回归分析发现,胎儿为男性(OR=2.13)、母亲年龄≥25岁(OR=3.30)、母亲妊娠前BMI≥24.0 kg/m2(OR=3.77)、母亲孕期体质量增加≥12.5 kg(OR=1.64)为巨大儿发生的危险因素;而母亲妊娠前BMI<18.5 kg/m2(OR=2.25)、早产(OR=16.43)是低出生体质量儿发生的危险因素。结论早产、孕期体质量增加过多、母亲孕前BMI偏高或偏低是导致异常出生体质量发生的主要因素。

Objectives To investigate factors affecting neonate birth weight. Methods Random cluster sampling method was adopted to investigate the physical development of 5539 single live newborns in Beijing, Harbin, Changsha, and Guang-zhou. Single factor analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to find the factors influencing neonate birth weight. Re-sults Single factor analysis showed that neonatal sex, gestational age, maternal age, maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain, mother＇s education and occupation have effects on neonatal birth weight. Risk factors for macrosomia, including male fetus, maternal age≥25 years before pregnancy, maternal pre-pregnancy BMI≥24 kg/m2, gestational weight gain greater than 12.5 kg, and preterm delivery and maternal pre-pregnant BMI〈18.5 kg/m2 are the risk factors of low birth weight. Conclu-sions Premature, excessive weight gain during pregnancy, high or low maternal pre-pregnancy BMI are main factors that caused abnormal body mass in neonates.