锌粉置换镓锗渣高压酸浸的浸出机理

Leaching mechanism of zinc powder replacement residue containing gallium and germanium by high pressure acid leaching

研究锌粉置换镓锗渣的高压酸浸过程,考察硫酸浓度、液固比、浸出时间、浸出温度、助浸剂种类和添加量对Ga、Ge浸出率以及浸出渣过滤性能的影响。结果表明:增加硫酸浓度有利于Ga、Ge的浸出,但硫酸浓度超过156 g/L后,反而不利于Ge的浸出。浸出时间和温度对Ga、Ge浸出率影响较小,但增加浸出时间或提高反应温度均有利于改善浸出渣的过滤性能。添加硝酸钠或硝酸钙均可促进Ga、Ge的浸出,且硝酸钙的添加还可改善浸出渣的过滤性能。在硫酸浓度156 g/L、助浸剂硝酸钙60 g/L、液固比8、浸出温度150℃下浸出3 h,Ga、Ge浸出率可分别达到98%和94%以上,且浸出料浆过滤速度较常压酸浸时的提高近20倍。

The high pressure acid leaching of zinc powder replacement residue containing gallium and germanium was carried out. The effects of sulfuric acid concentration, liquid to solid ratio, time, temperature, as well as the kind and concentration of leaching assistant agents on the leaching rates of gallium and germanium were studied, the filterabilities of the leaching residues were also investigated. The results show that increasing sulfuric acid concentration till 156 g/L benefits the leaching of gallium and germanium. Above this point, the leaching rate of germanium will decrease. The increase of leaching time or temperature has little influence on the leaching rates of gallium and germanium, but the filterabilities of leaching residues are improved obviously. Adding cadmium nitrate or sodium nitrate can improve the leaching of gallium and germanium, moreover, adding cadmium nitrate can also improves the filterability of the leaching residue sharply. The sample of zinc powder replacement residues is leached for 3 h under the conditions of sulfuric acid concentration of 156 g/L, cadmium nitrate concentration of 60 g/L as leaching assistant agent, liquid to solid ratio of 8, temperature of 150℃, the leaching rates obtained are over 98% for gallium and over 94% for germanium, respectively. Moreover, the filterability of the leaching residue is 20 times more than that of the residue obtained under normal pressure acid leaching condition.