从“谷歌效应”透视互联网对记忆的影响

Internet Influence on Memory:Analysis of Google Effect

人类记忆与动物记忆的区别在于,人类创造了完善的记忆媒介系统,实现了记忆的外化,从而突破了个体记忆的时空限制。互联网作为一种新的记忆媒体,正在改变人类的记忆模式。在个人记忆层面,不仅存在对互联网记忆依赖的"谷歌效应",而且搜索引擎明显拉高了个人认知自尊。在集体记忆层面,网上虚拟社区为自传记忆的强化提供了便利,但强化效果仍值得商榷;搜索引擎技术扩大了人类的有效认知范围,人们的认知和学习已经不需要像以往那样依赖于功能记忆的引导,但互联网时代的集体记忆仍然是一种社会建构,一种全新的对集体记忆的宰制方式正在悄然形成。

What makes human memory different from animal memory is that the human being has created a perfect memory media system enabling externalization of memory and thus successfully breaking through the limit of space and time. As a new type of memory media, Intemet is changing the memory mode of human beings. As individual memory concerned, Google Effect manifests the reliance on the Internet memory, while the search engine enhances individual cognition and self-esteem remarkably. As collective memory concerned, online virtual community makes it convenient for the enhancement of autobiographical memory, although the efficiency of such enhancement is yet to be discussed; while the search engine extends the range of effective human being cognition, for people now can learn and study without relying on the guidance of functional memory as before, but the collective memory of this lnternet era yet remains as a social architecture, while a brand-new domination mode is quietly under development for collective memory.