国家建构视角下乡村权力结构的民主化转型

Democratic Transformation of Power Structure for Village from the Perspective of Construction for Modern State

从现代国家建构理论视角对20世纪80年代村民自治以来的中国乡村权力结构进行学理性分析。分析表明,"权力结构变革"问题的实质系国家权力与社会权力相互冲突博弈的结果,是权力结构的民主化转型,其深层根源在于现代国家建构的内在要求。现代国家建构的根本目的是整合国家与社会、市场的关系,在建构过程中乡村权力结构的民主化集中体现在两个方面:一是选举体制的普遍推行,权力合法性来源渠道发生变化;二是家庭联产承包责任制以来的村民自治范围的扩大。国家实行"权力下放",把更多的职能逐渐交还给基层社会,同时为避免乡村"失序",又"民主下乡",创新乡村社会治理,重建乡村秩序。

This paper provides a rational analysis on the rural power structure since villagers＇ self- governance in the 1980s from the theoretical perspective of Modern State-construction. The true nature of the transformation of power structure is the result of conflicting game between state-power and social- power, as it were, the democratic transformation of power structure originating from the inherent requirements of the Modern State-construction. The fundamental objective of Modern State-construction is to integrate the relationship between state and society and market, during which the democratization of power structure epitomizes in two ways, namely the universal implementation of election system which means the changes of sources for the legitimacy of power and the expansion of the scope of village self-governance since the household contract responsibility system. The government should devolve authority to regions and the grass roots and meanwhile carry out democracy in the countryside so as to maintain and rebuild the social order and to innovate social governance.