基于基尼系数的我国教育经费配置区域与结构公平性分析

Fair regional and structural distribution of educational funds in China based on Gini index

本文提出了基尼系数的一个等价算法:收入份额法,该算法不仅方便基尼系数按组群分解和来源分解,而且可以进行边际效应分析.将上述方法应用于对我国省域教育经费配置的公平性分析,无论是从总体还是从区域结构来看,与1999年相比可以发现,2009年省域教育经费配置的公平性有了显著的改善.中西部地区教育经费占总体教育经费的比重,出现了明显的上升;国家财政教育经费占总体教育经费的比重,也有较大幅度的提高.国家财政教育经费来源和东部地区教育经费配置,对总体教育经费配置的公平性具有决定性作用.增大国家财政教育经费来源和中西部教育经费在总体教育经费中的比重,有利于改善省域教育经费配置的公平性.

This paper promotes an equivalent calculated method of Gini coefficient： Income share method, it can conveniently decompose Gini coefficient by subgroups and by factors, and can carry out an analysis of marginal effect. Applying the method to analyse fair distribution of inter-provinces educational funds yields several interesting results as follows： from views of the whole and areas, it is discovered that fair regional distribution of educational funds has been improving from 1999 to 2009, and ratio of educational funds for the central and western areas has obviously raised, and ratio of the government appropriation for education has also been on the drastic increase. Distribution of both the government appropriation for education and educational funds of the east have a crucial effect on fair distribution of educational funds; and it will have an active effect on fair distribution of inter-provinces educational flmds to increase proportion of the government appropriation for education, or educational funds of both westward and middle part in total educational funds.