嘉庆至同治时期的中廓宗属关系

Suzerain-Vassal Relationship between China and Gurkha during the Period from Jiaqing(嘉庆) to Tongzhi(同治) in the Qing Dynasty

自乾隆后期正式建立的中廓宗属关系是清朝"怀柔邻国、绥靖藩部"传统治边政策的重要体现,本应实现"拱卫天朝"等重大目标,但实际上并未发挥彼此保护功能。嘉庆至同治时期,清朝由盛转衰更是对中廓宗属关系产生重要影响,不仅导致嘉庆、道光两朝对廓尔喀的求援活动置之不理,且导致廓尔喀利用咸丰朝太平天国起义之机扰乱西藏,迫使清朝接受十条和约。清代同治朝虽仍维系中廓宗属关系,也只是借此羁縻对方、防其扰藏。嘉庆至同治时期中廓关系乃清代宗属体制重要体现,清晰彰显该体制运作以王朝盛衰为转移,暴露了宣传与实际运作间的明显背离。

In late period of Qianlorig(乾隆),Suzerain-Vassal relationship between China and Gurkha was established,which was an important practical outcome of the traditional borderland governing ideas of 'tenderly embracing neighboring states and pacifying fence tribes'.However,from Jiaqing to Tongzhi in the Qing dynasty,the declining from its full power had a negative influence on this relationship.In the period of Jiaqing and Daoguang(道光),Qing court turned down Gurkha's asking for help during its war with Britain.In period of Xianfeng(咸丰),Gurkha took the opportunity of Taiping Tianguo(天平天国) uprising to invade Tibet,and finally made Qing court to accept the ten-pieces contract In period of Tongzhi,Qing court sustained this relationship,just to 'bridle' Gurkha and prevent her to disturb Tibet.From Jiaqing to Tongzhi,the relation between China and Gurkha was an important embodiment of the suzerain-vassal system of the Qing dynasty,manifesting that the system functioned according to the Qing dynasty's power,and there was a big difference between the discourse propaganda and the real practice.