环境风险在人群中的社会空间分配

Socio-Spatial Distribution of Environmental Risk in Population

国际经验显示,不同社会经济地位人群不合理地暴露在环境风险中,是推动"环境公正"运动发展的重要原因。处于快速转型的中国,是否面临环境风险在人群中不公正分配问题?基于北京、重庆和厦门三地城市生活垃圾处理影响的调查数据的分析表明,环境风险在人群中的社会空间分配状况,低受教育程度、低收入、低房产价值、农业户籍和居住在农村社区的居民,居住在距离大型垃圾处理单位3公里范围内的可能性和遭受的环境风险,高于高受教育程度、较高收入、拥有较高价值房产、非农户籍和居住在城市社区的居民。低社会经济地位者不成比例地承担环境风险,使脆弱性再生产,以社会经济地位形塑风险地位,不利于和谐社会构建。因此,应加快户籍制度改革,完善环境立法和环境弱势群体补偿机制,促进并规范公众参与公共事务管理。

The international experience shows that people with different socioeconomic status are exposed to the envi- ronmental risk unreasonably, and this situation promotes the development of environmental justice movement. Are Chinese citizens exposed to environmental risk unequally in the period of rapid social transformation？ Based on the survey data of household garbage treatment and environmental impact in Beijing, Chongqing and Xiamen, we have analyzed the socio-spa- tial distribution of environmental risk in the population. It is found that disproportional risk distribution does exist in China due to socioeconomic status differences and people with the lower socioeconomic status are more vulnerable as they bear more environmental risk. Shaping the risk status with socioeconomic status is not only contrary to the purpose of environ- mental justice, but also adverse for building a harmonious society for sustainable development. It is necessary to accelerate the reform of household registration system, improve environmental legislation and environmental compensation mechanisms for vulnerable groups and regulate the public participation.