“物”“我”如何“通”——庄子“与物无际”与“不以物易己”的哲学分析

How to Communicate With Thing and Self:On the " Unity of Thing and Man" and " No Replacing Self With Thing" of Chuang-tzu

以广义的存在为背景,人与物既呈现为彼此区别的存在形态,又展示着二者之间的相关性。就狭义的"物""我"之间而言,其涉及人与外部世界中对象的互动。庄子认为,与本体论立场上的物与物之间的相互沟通、转化相应,物我之间也呈现出"通而为一"的价值论的内涵,基于此,庄子对人与物之间以何种方式走向"通"进行了考察,认为物与我之间的相互沟通具有过程性的维度,并具体体现在以言称谓物、"以意致"之上,同时须坚持"以德为本"的待物方式。

From the background of broad existence, man and thing not only has the different existence forms, but also has the correlation. Thing and man, in a limited sense, involves the interaction between human and objects in the external world. According to Chuang-tzu, thing and thing can mutually communicate and convert in ontology; thing and man can also mutually communicate and blend in value. On the basis, Chuang-tzu studied how to communicate between man and thing and believed that the mutual communication between man and thing has a process. This process embodied the words and meaning. At the same time, man must adhere to the way of virtue as the essence in dealing with the thing.