从Copyleft看开放获取的社会理想及其对图书馆发展转型的启示——以Aaron Swartz及其《Guerilla Open Access Manifesto》为引子

A Study on the Social Ideal of Open Access and the Enlightenment on the Transition of Library Development——By Aaron Swartz and Guerilla Open Access Manifesto as Starter

开放获取志在恢复被商业化打破的科学共同体,使被支付墙阻碍的人们能开放、自由、平等、免费地共享学术资源。它以创作者授权并与使用者达成协议的基础上提供资源的开放使用,其解决版权纠纷的思路受自由软件的Copyleft理念及其GPL规则的直接启发,在从技术上继承GPL处理版权问题的思路的同时,更从精神上直接继承了Copyleft的自由、平等、共享、协作的交流理念及其从知识获取层面改造社会的理想,旨在以知识的平等获取实现社会的自由、平等发展,具有很强的理想色彩和道德自觉。而开放获取所继承的这种理念与公共图书馆精神不谋而合,在给图书馆发展带来冲击的同时,也使得图书馆必须要思考在资源优势消解的情况下如何适应现实情况,积极进行从外在的资源依赖向内在的能力建构的转型,从而为建立完全的用户端驱动的服务模式提供内在的能力供给。

The OA （open access） aims at renewing the commercialized scientific community, and make the knowledge can be shared freely and equally. The open access＇s way to deal with the copyright issue is CC （Creative Commons License）, and the CC＇s ideal is from the Copyleft and the GPL, besides the technique dealing with copyright problem, the OA also inherits the ideal of freedom, equality, sharing, cooperation and the social transformation from the Copyleft. And the ideals of OA are very similar with the library＇s ideals, as the OA impact the library, it also makes the library think deeply about the future development, and take step to make the library transform from the resources to ability construction.