“存亡歧路”抑或“话语权相争”——“丙子斥和”及“三学士”事件述评

Divarication for Solving National Crisis or Antagonizing for Political Rights——Study on the Problem of Chihe and Sanxueshi Affair during the Battle of Bingzi

"丙子之役"的爆发使朝鲜在义理与现实之间陷入了两难抉择,加速了主和派与斥和派的意见分化。与此同时,在这场"存亡歧路"的外交争辩中,"台阁"与"庙堂"的话语权矛盾也迅速突显。士林虽然是朝鲜公论政治的主体,但却无法摆脱"浮薄"的软肋。他们为国家高举了义理,却败倒在政争面前。虽然"三学士"的择选背后充斥着官员间互相倾轧乃至兵谏相逼的隐情,但是,朝廷以"浮议误国"取代"斥和误国"的论断,却在根本上肯定了义理,敷衍了清朝对于朝鲜反清言论的问责,以实际行动平息了朝野上下对于斥和论的非议。这就为协调战后各派间利益关系、加强国家政治稳定,提供了有利契机。

The occuring of the Battle of Bingzi brought Chosen Dynasty an elnbarrassed press from both sides of the tenets of loyalty and the reality of the battle. Diplomatic crisis not only accelerated the diverge between Zhuhe Faction （the Peace Group） and Chihe Faction （the War Party） , but also revealed the political conflicts around political rights between dignitaries and Young Confucians. Young Confucians were the principal part in public opinion, but often held certain drastic. Mthough holding loyalty for country, they usually were defeated by political struggle. The back of Sanxueshi Affair was full of discords, even including forced remonstration, but the result that governlnent ascribed the reason for national crisis to Young Confu- cians＇ certain drastic speeches instead of Chihe Faction＇ tough assertion towards Qing Dynasty, substantively affirmed the pa- triotic spirits of Chihe Faction and paltered to Qing Dynasty＇ censure. Thus, Chosen Dynasty appeased people＇s prejudice to Chihe Faction via governlnent ＇ s actual actions and create an advantaged chance which was propitious to harlnonize the political benefits of different factions and strengthen the nation＇ s stabilization for long.