城镇化进程中的土地财政：两难困境与破解对策

Land Finance in the Process of Urbanization:the Dilemma and Its Countermeasures

在城镇化进程中,土地财政是由地方财政赤字、地方官员政绩考核方式与土地收益分配制度弊端等多方面原因导致的。土地财政面临进退两难的困境:持续推进,将推高房价,集聚金融风险;直接退出,将导致产业链重创,加剧城乡二元结构。只有强化中央财政的宏观管理、分离地方政府经营职能、改善地方政府官员的政绩考核制度、完善地方税收体系和构建兼顾国家、集体和个人的土地收益分配制度,才能治理城镇化进程中土地财政进退两难的困境。

In the process of urbanization,the formation of land finance is caused by many factors, such as the local fiscal deficit,the assessment criteria of local officials' performance and the disadvantages of land revenue distribution,etc.Land finance is in a dilemma:the property prices will soar and the financial risks will aggregate if the land finance keeps going;while the revocation of land finance will impose a heavy risk on the industry chain and aggravate the urban-rural binary structure.The results show that only by means of strengthening the macro management of central finance,separating the management functions of local government,improving the local tax system and the performance assessment system of local officials,and constructing the land income distribution system considering the interests of state,collective and individuals can the dilemma of land finance be resolved in the process of urbanization.