美国参议院2013年农场法案评析

An Analysis on the Senate 2013 Farm Bill of the United States of America

美国是世界上农业最发达的国家,主要农产品产量排名世界第一。对即将出台的美国2013年农场法案内容进行梳理,有助于了解其农业政策走向,同时警惕其中违反WTO规则的内容。研究发现,2014—2018年间美国将会取消农业直接补贴,削减弱势群体营养补贴,但是会增加对乳品、水稻、花生以及特色农作物的支付力度,更加重视农业环境保护、农业保险、农业信贷、农业科技研发和推广、新入农民培训和收入保障等项目支出。在削减预算的约束前提下,美国农业的国内支持力度不降反升。最后,提出了美国农业政策可资借鉴之处。

Regarded as the most developed country in agriculture,United States contributes the largest share of agricultural products in the worldwide.This paper introduces direct spending titles and their changes of the Senate 2013Farm Bill of the United States of America,sorts out the main coverage of its every 12title,and concludes characteristics of the Senate 2013Farm Bill.It is revealed that in the period of 2014-2018,the United States of America will eliminate direct payments,reduce nutrition outlay,but strengthen the payment support to dairy,rice,peanut,and specialty crops production.Federal agriculture budget will be biased toward agricultural conservation,insurance,credit,research and extension,training programs for fresh farmers and ranchers,and income security.Agricultural domestic support of the United States America will be intensified given the background of budget restrict.Finally,this paper affords lessons that merit attention from the analysis of agricultural policy of United States of America.