满足“一刀切”要求的木工板排样优化研究

Research on optimum "guillotine cutting" layout of carpentry board

针对木工板手工排样效率低和材料利用率低问题,提出木工板"一刀切"排样优化算法.在剩余矩形填充算法中添加启发式分块原则,改进的剩余矩形填充算法满足"一刀切"工艺要求.采用遗传算法对矩形件进行排样优化,以提高木工板利用率,降低企业生产成本.为提高算法的优化精度,使用基于指数变换的非线性动态适应度函数,引入精英保护策略,应用部分填充交叉(partially matched crossover)算子.结合剩余矩形填充"一刀切"算法对遗传种群进行解码计算原料利用率,并作为适应度函数值,进行迭代搜索最优解.排样实例表明木工板"一刀切"排样优化算法能够很好地解决多品种大规模木工板排样问题.

Carpentry board guillotine cutting layout optimization algorithm is put forward to solve the low efficiency and low material utilization of carpentry board manual layout. To meet the re- quirements of guillotine cutting process, heuristic partition principle was added to the surplus rectangle matching algorithm. To improve the utilization ratio of carpentry board and reduce the cost of production, the genetic algorithm was applied in rectangular part optimal layout. To im- prove the optimization precision of the genetic algorithm, non-linear fitness function which based on index transformation was used, elitist strategy was introduced, and the partially matched crossover operator was applied. The surplus rectangle matching algorithm was combined to decode the genetic population to calculate the utilization rate of materials, which was used as the fit- ness function value to search the optimal solution by iteration. Layout instance indicates that this algorithm can efficiently solve many varieties of mass carpentry board layout problem.