造纸干粉和糠醛渣对滨海盐碱地玉米生长和土壤微生物性状的影响

Effects of Application of Dry Paper-Making Waste Powder and Furfural Residue on Maize Growth and Microbiological Properties of Coastal Saline-Alkaline Soil

通过在江苏省东台市黄海原种场的田间试验,研究了施用造纸干粉和糠醛渣对滨海盐碱地土壤微生物活性与玉米(Zea mays)生长及籽粒全氮含量的影响。与对照相比,施加造纸干粉和糠醛渣后土壤pH值均显著降低(P<0.05),土壤微生物代谢活性则显著升高(P<0.05);此外,施糠醛渣处理土壤微生物物种均一度(McIntosh)指数显著升高(P<0.05),而土壤脲酶活性亦由对照的过高水平(0.50 mg·g-1·d-1)降至0.33 mg·g-1·d-1(P<0.05)。施加造纸干粉后,植株地上部和地下部生物量比对照分别提高29%和13%,籽粒产量由1 119 kg·hm-2提高到1 515 kg·hm-2;施加糠醛渣后,植株地上部和地下部生物量比对照分别提高60%和65%(P<0.05),籽粒产量则提高到2 371 kg·hm-2,且籽粒全氮含量由对照的过高水平(22.43 mg·g-1)降至18.26 mg·g-1(P<0.05)。综上所述,施用造纸干粉和糠醛渣均可缓解盐碱胁迫对玉米生长的影响,同时能提高土壤微生物代谢活性,并且施用糠醛渣对土壤生物性状和玉米籽粒品质的调理效果优于造纸干粉。

A field experiment laid out in the coastal area of salft-affected soil in Dongtai of Jiangsu Province, was carried out to investigate effects of application of dry paper-making waste powder （DPWP） and furfural residue （FR） on soil microbial activity, maize growth and nitrogen （N） accumulation in the soil. Compared to the control, the plots applied with DPWP and FR were significantly lower （P 〈 0.05） in soil pH and significantly higher （P 〈 0.05） in soil microbial metabolic activity. The plots applied with FR was also much higher than CK in evenness of soil microbial species （McIntosh index） （P 〈 0.05）, but much lower （P 〈 0.05） in soil urease activity, which dropped sharply from an excessive high level, 0.50 mg·g-1·d-1 , down to 0.33 mg·g-1·d-1. In the plots applied with DPWP the maize increased its shoot and root biomass by 29% and 13%, respectively, and its grain yield from 1 119 to 1 515 kg·hm-2, while in the plots applied with FR, the maize significantly increased （P 〈 0.05） its shoot and root biomass by 60% and 65%, respectively, and its grain yield to 2 371 kg·hm-2, while it significantly decreased total N concentration in its grains （P 〈 0.05） from an excessive high level （22.43 mg·g-1） down to 18.26 mg·g-1 （P 〈 0.05）. To sum up, the application of either DPWP or FR can alleviate saline-alkaline stresses on maize growth, and increase soil microbial metabolic activities; moreover FR is superior to DPWP in improving soil biological properties and maize grain quality.