从胡风现象反思中国现代文化精英的历史悲剧

Introspect Historical Tragedy of China's Modern Cultural Elites from Hu Feng Phenomenon

胡风问题是中国新文学史上乃至中国现代史上的重大文化现象,是现代中国人文知识分子的历史悲剧。对胡风现象的历史反思仍徘徊不前。导致胡风悲剧命运的"主观战斗精神"是胡风的现代文化性格和现实主义理论的核心,包含世界观、人生态度、文学创作方法三个层次的意义,主要是当时历史背景下左翼内部文化思想斗争的产物。在新文学的历史任务、接受世界先进文化、知识分子思想改造、党对文艺工作的领导等问题上,胡风文艺思想与左翼主导思想存在一系列分歧,自身也有明显的局限性。他的主要缺点和错误,不是右倾而是左倾。从传统文化心理的自我束缚中解放出来,疗救"精神奴役的创伤",锻炼独立、健全和理想的人格,是胡风现象给后人的最深刻的启示。

Hu Feng issue is a major cultural phenomenon not only in Chinese new literary history but also in Chinese modern history,and it is a historical tragedy for Chinese modern humanistic intellectuals. The historical introspection of Hu Feng issue is still stagnant.“The subjective fighting spirit”which leads to his tragic fate is the core of Hu Feng’s modern cultural characters and the realistic theory,including the world view,life attitude and the method of literary creation. It is mainly the outcome of thinking struggle of the inner leftists under that historical background. As to the issues such as the historical task of the new literature,accepting the world’s ad-vanced culture,the reconstructing the intellectuals’thoughts and our party’s leadership of the arts work,there are a series of differences between Hu Feng’s art thoughts and the leftists main ideas,which itself reveals obvious limitations as well. His main shortcoming is not right-wing ideology,but left-wing ideology. The most profound rev-elation of Hu Feng phenomenon for posterity is to be liberated from the self-bondage of traditional cultural psy-chology,to cure the“mental trauma of slavery”,and to shape the independent,sound and ideal personality.