尴尬情绪:回顾与展望

Embarrassment:Retrospect and Prospect

尴尬情绪是个体因处于公众注意焦点、失言或棘手情境时,而产生的一种别扭、紧张、懊恼、难为情、不知所措的情绪体验。目前有关尴尬情绪的研究,生理方面主要包括尴尬情绪的生理反应和面部表情;认知方面主要包括尴尬情绪的诱因、尴尬情绪识别及其影响因素;行为方面主要涉及尴尬情绪对个体行为的影响。但现有理论和研究仍不足以解释尴尬情绪的内在机制,未来可注重从生命全程观和特殊人群的角度研究个体尴尬情绪的发展,并关注探究个体对尴尬情绪的理解,同时进一步考察不同类型尴尬情绪在不同情境下对个体行为尤其是亲社会行为的影响等。

Embarrassment is a feeling of discomfort, nervousness, upset, awkwardness and puzzlement when the individual was being the center of attention, committing faux pas, or in a sticky situation. Recent researches on embarrassment have been focused on three aspects:first, physiological researches mainly include the physiological reaction and facial expressions of embarrassment;second, cognitive researches mainly include the inducements of embarrassment, embarrassment recognition and its influence factors;third, behavioral researches mainly involve the inlfuence of embarassment on the behaviors of an individual. However, the existing theories and researches are still not sufifcient to explain the internal mechanism of embarrassment. The future researches should focus on the individual’s development of embarrassment from the perspective of “life-span”and special groups. The future researches should also focus on the individual’s understanding of embarrassment. Meanwhile, we should further explore the inlfuence of different types of embarrassment on the individual’s behavior, especially the prosocial behavior, in different situations.