36种中草药提取物杀松材线虫活性研究

Toxicity of Thirty-six Chinese Medicinal Herbs against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

为了从中草药中寻找高效杀线虫活性物质,本文测定了36种中草药提取物对松材线虫及其卵的毒杀活性。结果表明,牡丹皮、黄连和大黄3种中药的乙醇提取物杀线虫活性较强,以提取物浓度为10 g/L处理松材线虫72 h后,校正死亡率均为100%。3种中药提取物处理松材线虫72 h后半致死浓度(LC50)分别为1.81、0.2638和1.07 g/L。杀卵活性结果表明,3种中药提取物处理72 h后,线虫卵的孵化率均低于20%,虫卵的校正死亡率均高于60%。利用乙酸乙酯和水作溶剂对3种中草药进行初步的杀线活性成分分离的结果表明,牡丹皮的杀线活性物质存在于乙酸乙酯萃取物中,黄连和大黄的杀线活性物质存在于水萃取物中。3种中药的不同萃取物处理松材线虫72 h后的LC50分别为0.712、2.370和0.067 g/L。

Toxicity of ethanol extracts of thirty-six traditional Chinese medicinal (TCM) herbs to adult nematodes and eggs of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus were evaluated in this study to find efficient nematicidal compounds. Bioassay results showed that the ethanol extracts of Cortex moutan radicis, Coptis chinensis franch and Radix et rhizomarhei possessed excellent efficacy with 100%mortality of adults, less than 20%egg hatching rate and more than 60%mortality of eggs at the concentration of 10 g/L. The LC50 of ethanol extracts of three TCM herbs were 1.81, 0.2638 and 1.07 g/L respectively against B. xylophilus after treatment of 72 h. Preliminary separation of active ingredients of three TCM herbs using ethyl acetate and water was employed to examine the nematicide activities of the extracts. The active ingredients of C. moutan radicis presented in ethyl acetate extract, while the active ingredients of C. chinensis franch and R. et rhizomarhei presented in water extracts. The LC50 of active ingredients from three TCM herbs were 0.712, 2.370 and 0.067 g/L respectively against B. xylophilus after treatment of 72 h. This research will provide a theoretical basis for the development of novel biorational nematicide.