南方地区农田水利政府支出效率及地方性制度比较分析

Qualitative Comparative Analysis on Efficiency of Government Expenditure for Irrigation and Localized Institutions in Southern Areas

产权分化需要配套地方性制度才能提高政府支出效率,不同发展阶段必要性制度与充分性制度也存在差异。基于2009年以来的全国小农水项目样本数据,运用定性比较分析方法,研究发现共有"常规性财政投入与行政协调"、"市场化水费与农民用水自治"和"农民用水自治"三组地方性制度配置能够改善政府支出绩效,它们也依次是农田水利在落后时期、发展时期和发达时期的有效治理的必要条件。目前我国农田水利事业主要处于向后两个阶段过渡的时期,主要驱动性制度是水价和农民组织,而支农政策导向和目标仍然停留在第一阶段,政策滞后性降低了政府支出绩效。新时期的政策应该以同时深化市场化水价和发展农民用水协会为主,辅以设置常规性的财政投入制度和管水员制度。

In order to increase the efficiency of government expenditure,decentralization reform should be carried on with series of supporting localized institutions. The necessary and supplant institutions are different during different development periods. Based on data of national little scale irrigation projects obtained since 2009,using Qualitative Comparative Analysis( QCA),this article finds out that there are three types of institution configurations,which can improve the efficiency of government expenditure. They are'routine fiscal input and administrative coordination','water price mercerization and users' self-governance'and 'users' self-governance'which are also the necessary conditions in sequence for the irrigation in lagged,developing and developed times. Nowadays irrigation in China is transferring to the last two periods and many institutions coexist in the same time,but the agricultural policies still focus on the first period and the lagging policies gravely obstructed the performance of government expenditure. Since the configuration of water price and farmers' organization is the efficiency power. The policies should strengthen water price mercerization,develop farmer associations and set the institutions of routine fiscal investment and irrigation staffs as well.