黄河源水沙变化及与气温变化的关系

Variation of streamflow and sediment discharge rate and relationship with temperature change in Yellow River source area

利用黄河源4个水文站黄河沿、吉迈、玛曲和唐乃亥的长系列水文资料和10个代表性气象站的气象资料,分析源区近56年来年径流量、年输沙量、气温和降水的变化规律,以及探讨水沙变化与气温变化的关系.结果表明：4个水文站1955-1990年的年径流量和年输沙量均呈增加的趋势,但唐乃亥站1991-2011年的年径流和年输沙量相对于1956-1990年分别减少15.9％和28.5％.除河南和同德之外,其他8个气象站1953-2011年的气温呈现持续明显上升的趋势,上升线性速率为0.31 ～0.41℃/（10a）.黄河源区气温升高具有一致性趋势,但降水量变化没有一致性规律.降雨量与气温的关系在1953-1990年较弱,1991-2011年这种相关关系逐步增强.年径流量和年输沙量与气温升高的关系是气温降低或升高对应于年径流量和年输沙量增加或减少.

The hydrological data of Huangheyan,Jimai,Maqu and Tangnaihai hydrological stations,and the meteorological data of ten representative weather stations on the Yellow River source area are selected as data source.The variation of annual mean runoff,annual mean sediment discharge rate,temperature and precipitation changes during 56 years is analyzed and the runoff and sediment change at Tangnaihai hydrological station in response to temperature is studied.Results show that the annual runoff and sediment discharge rate at the four stations in 1955-1990 presented a trend of increase,but Tangnaihai station （1991-2011） comparing to 1956-1990 decreased by 15.9％ and 28.5％,respectively.Except Henan and Tongde weather stations,the temperature at other eight weather stations in 1953-2011 kept an upward trend,increased by 0.31 to 0.41℃/（10a）.The temperature rising in the Yellow River source area is a consistent trend,but there is no consistency of the precipitation change.The rainfall change in response to temperature rising had a weak relationship in the 1953-1990,but this relationship gradually increased in 1991-2011.The annual runoff and sediment discharge rate increased or decreased in response to the temperature dropping or rising.