露天煤矿区生态风险受体分析——以内蒙古平庄西露天煤矿为例

Ecological risk receptors analysis of pingzhuang western open-cut coal mining area in inner mongolia

煤矿露天开采行为导致矿区岩体剥离、植被破坏和土壤物理化学性质的巨大改变,对采矿区土壤生态系统造成剧烈扰动,使其成为水土流失、滑坡等矿区潜在生态风险的主要受体。以内蒙古平庄西露天煤矿区土壤生态系统为研究对象,通过分析矿区主要景观单元的土壤理化性质、植被演替规律与土壤线虫群落结构特征,研究其生态脆弱性分布与变化规律。结果表明矿区土壤系统的成熟度与稳定度与其形成年限具有相关性,但与农田生态系统和未受扰动的自然生态系统相比,煤矿开采区与排弃物堆放区的土壤结构较差、土壤肥力偏低、动、植物群落成熟度和稳定性较差。受土壤养分条件及土壤微生物数量等因素的限制,其植被自然恢复速度慢,生态系统脆弱,需通过土壤改良、合理选种适生植物、改善土壤养分条件,促进植被重建。

Open-pit coal mining causes rock mass peeling, vegetation damage and of phy-chemical properties change of soil. Severe disturbance makes soil system in mining area the main receptor of soil erosion,landslide and other potential ecological risks. In this study,soil ecosystem of Pingzhuang western open-pit coal mining area in Inner Mongolia was the research object. To find the distribution and changes of ecological fragility,the main phy-chemical properties of soil,the vegetation succession and the characteristics of soil nematode community structure in mining area were analyzed on landscape units. The results indicate the relevance between maturity and stability of soil systems and their lives. Compared with the agro-ecosystem and natural ecosystem undisturbed,however,mining areas and dumping sites have poor soil structure, low soil fertility and less maturity and stability of animal and plant communities. Due to the restriction factors such as soil nutrient condition and microbial quantity,natural recovery of vegetation in mining area is slow and the ecosystem is fragile. Soil reformation,plants selection and nutrient conditions improvement should be suitable to reconstruct vegetation.