施肥水平和方式对红麻生长和产量的影响

Effects of levels and methods of fertilization on growth and yield of kenaf

采用2个红麻品种，即福红992与红优2号；设3种施肥水平，即低肥（FL：N0．10g／kg，P2O5 0．05g／kg和K200．10g／kg）、中肥（FM：N0．15g／kg，P2O5 0．75g／kg和K2O 0．15g／kg）和高肥（FH：N 0．20g／kg，P2O50．10g／kg和K200．20g／kg），以及3种施肥方式，即全部氮和钾肥作基肥（T1），60％氮和钾肥作基肥和40％氮和钾肥作追肥（T2）以及全部氮和钾肥作追肥（T3），通过盆栽试验探讨施肥水平和方式对不同红麻品种干皮产量与农艺性状的影响。与FL相比，FM处理显著增加红麻干皮产量，红优2号和福红992分别增加16．31％～32．33％和6．51％～17．72％，且FM处理均显著提高茎粗、地上部于质量、皮骨比和根干质量。与T3相比，T1和T2处理显著增加干皮产量，红优2号分别增加21．30％～34．16％和12．65％～29．36％，福红992分别增加19．09％～40．92％和7．45％～32．50％，且T1和T2处理株高、茎粗和地上部干质量均提高，T2处理皮厚和主根长提高，而T，处理根冠比和皮骨比均降低，但是T1和T2处理上述各指标之间的差异不显著。对于红优2号和福红992，中肥水平下T1和T2方式均有利于红麻生长和干皮产量的增加。

The response of different kenaf varieties to different methods and levels of fertilization were investigated to provide the rational fertilization for high yield and high efficient cultivation of kenaf. The effects of methods and levels of fertilization on the growth and yield of different kenaf varieties were studied with a pot experiment. The experiments included two kenaf varieties,i, e. Fuhong 992 and Hongyou 2,three fertilization levels, i. e. low fertilization （FL：N 0. 10 g/kg, P2O5 0. 05 g/kg and K2O0. 10 g/kg）,middle fertilization （FM ：N 0. 15 g/kg,P2O5 0. 075 g/kg,K2O 0. 15 g/kg） and high fertiliza- tion （FH： N 0. 20 g/kg, P2 O50. 10 g/kg, K2O 0.20 g/kg）, and three fertilization methods, i. e. T1 （all N and K fertilizers as basal fertilizer）,T2 （60G N and K fertilizers as basal fertilizer,40%N and K fertiliz- ers as topdressing） and T3 （all N and K fertilizers as topdressing）. Compared to FL, FM increased dry hide yield of kenaf by 16.31%-32.33% for Hongyou 2 and 6.51%-17. 72% for Fuhong 992. FM significantly increased stem diameter, shoot dry mass, root dry mass and ratio of phloem to xylem and pith. Compared to T3 ,T1 and T2 increased dry hide yield by 21.30%-34. 16% and 12. 65%--29. 36% for Hongyou 2 and 19.09%-40.92% and 7. 45%-32. 50% for Fuhong 992. T1 and T2 increased plant height, stem diameter and shoot dry mass. T2 increased skin thickness and root length, but T1 decreased root/shoot ratio and the ratio of phloem to xylem and pith. There was no significant difference of all indices between T1 and T3. For Fuhong 992 and Hongyou 2,both T1 （all N and K fertilizers as basal fertilizer） and T2 （60% N and K fertilizers as basal fertilizer, 40%N and K fertilizers as topdressing） can increase the growth and dry hide yield of kenaf under middle fertilization level.