建筑物落物侵权责任立法价值诉求之冲突与协调——兼评《侵权责任法》第八十七条

Conflict and Coordination of Legislative Value about Falling Objects Tort

现代社会中建筑物落物致害较为常见,但由于受害人难于发现真正的肇事人,往往无法索赔。我国侵权责任法因时定制,创造性地规定建筑物落物侵权责任制度,试图同时追求法律的公平价值和效率价值,但由于规则配置逻辑不清,导致在公平价值和效率价值两方面的实现路径都颇受指责。立法需要重整思路,调整规则配置,实现以公平价值为核心,以效率价值为辅助,从个案中保障受害人获得有限补偿,实现公平,整体上减少建筑物落物损害,提高效率。

It is very common in modern society that falling objects from building lead to damage.In this case,the victim is difficult to find the true infringer and to recover the damages. China adjusts tort legislation according to local conditions,creates the provision of falling tort,and indiscriminately pursues the value of fair and the value of efficiency. Owing to the logic chaos in the configurations of the legislation,the provision can't achieve its aims fairly and efficiently. To revise the provision,legislation need regard fare value as core value,treat efficiency value as supplementary value,and adjust the configurations of the rule. Such revision has double aims that provide fare for the victim and get efficiency for the whole society.