长沙市社区老年人慢性病患病情况及相关因素

Prevalence of chronic diseases among the elderly in Changsha community and its influencing factors

目的了解长沙市社区老年人慢性病患病情况及相关因素，为制定防控策略提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段抽样的方法抽取长沙市所辖的5个行政区≥65岁老年人3135例，按照统一设计的调查问卷，以面对面询问的方式进行调查，分析社区老年人慢性病的患病情况及相关因素。结果3135例老年人中获有效问卷3000份，总有效率为95．69％，被调查者年龄65～96岁，平均（74．8±6．6）岁。长沙市社区老年人慢性病患病率为86．33％（2590／3000），其中男性患病率85．49％（1332／1558），女性患病率87．23％（1258／1442），性别之间差异无统计学意义（X^2=1．93，P=0．164）；被调查老年人以同时患1～3种慢性病为主，其中最多同时患有13种慢性病。被调查老年人慢性病患病顺位依次为高血压、心脏病、骨关节病、糖尿病、前列腺增生、脂肪肝等。年龄、婚姻状况、吸烟、睡眠质量是高血压、心脏病和糖尿病3种主要慢性病的共同相关因素。结论长沙市社区老年人慢性病患病率高，相关因素普遍存在，开展社区健康教育干预极为重要。

Objective To study the epidemiological tendency and influencing factors for major chronic diseases in the elderly in Changsha, and to provide the scientific basis for the prevention and control strategies for the aged people. Methods Multi-stage randomized cluster sampling method was used in selecting 3135 persons aged 65 and over in Changsha. Using unified questionnaire and face to face asking method to investigate the prevalence of chronic diseases and its influencing factors. Results 95.7% of questionnaires were valid （3000/3135）. The total prevalence rate of chronic disease was 86.33% in patients aged from 65-96 （74.83 ± 6.63） years, with 85.49% （1332） in males, and 87.23% （1258） in females（X^2=1.93,P=0. 164）. Most of them had 1-3 kinds of chronic diseases, in 1 patient with 13 kinds of chronic diseases at the most. The most common chronic diseases among the elderly were hypertension, heart diseases, osteoarthritis, diabetes mellitus,benign prostatic hyperplasia, and fatty liver. Multivariate logistic regression suggested that age, marital status, smoking, quality of sleep were common influencing factors for hypertension, heart diseases and diabetes mellitus. Conclusions The prevalence of chronic diseases is high and the influencing factors are ubiquitous among the elderly in Changsha community. Community health education should be carried out to improve the effect of prevention and control of chronic diseases.