论数字权利管理的本质及其两面性——“技术措施=电子锁”国内通说及其立法实践反思

On the Essence of Digital Rights Management and Its Dual Character—Introspecting Domestic Legislation Practice“Technical Measures=Electronic Lock”

国内通说认为,数字权利管理是一种电子锁。新《信息网络传播权保护条例》关于技术措施的规范体系就是该通说的制度实践形态。但是,从数字权利管理的立法史与数字出版产业发展的新趋势看,通说有失偏颇。数字权利管理不仅是电子锁,也是数字作品交易控制器。这一本质决定了数字权利管理具有两面性。数字权利管理的规范体系建构应该放弃单纯以侵权制度为中心的传统做法。

Digital rights management is a kind of electric lock according to the domestic general opinion. Regulations of technological measures in the new Regulation on Protection of the Right to Network Dissemination of Information are legislative practice of the general opinion. But the general opinion is opposed to the history of legislations on digital rights management, and also does not accord with the new trends of the development of digital publish industry. In our view, digital rights management is a kind of system of copyright enforcement which is composed of different kinds of technological protection measures and whose functions are both controlling transactions of digital works and preventing infi-ingements of copyrights. Because it has such a essence, it has both advantages and disadvantages.