儒家廉耻伦理及其当代意义

Confucian Ethic Sense of Honest and Shame and Its Contemporary Significance

同仁义礼智信五常相比,廉耻尚不构成儒家伦理之核心,但是,它仍然是不可忽视的儒家主要伦范,同礼义一起成为儒家推崇的"四维",并在清代纳入"古八德"而受到儒家和整个社会的遵奉。如果说"廉"是儒学着力阐述的基本道德规范之一,廉洁从政是儒家一贯的政治社会理想,那么耻德也是儒家重要伦常规范之一,历代儒家特别是原始儒家要求人们要"有耻"、"知耻"、"贵有耻"、"人不可以无耻",认为"知耻近乎勇",耻是"立人之节"、"治世之大端",并为此论证了人有羞耻之心。汲取儒家耻感文化的合理成分,显然有助于为人们作出趋荣避耻的价值选择,确立明荣知耻的价值标准,树立正确的荣辱观,倡导社会主义核心价值观。

Comparing with the Five Relationships of humanity, justice, propriety, wisdom and faith, the sense of honest and shame can not be the core of Confucian ethic. However, as a main ethical norm, it still cannot be ignored. It can make up the four-dimensional which was respected by Confucian in company with propriety and justice. I was brought into ancient eight virtues and obeyed by Confucian and the whole society in Qing dynasty. If honest is one of Confucian basic moral rule. Governing honestly will be Confucian political and social ideal. So shame is also one of Confucian basic moral rule. Confucian in past dynasties, especially original Confucian, required people owning shame, knowing shame, valuing shame and cannot being shameless, thought feeling of shame is close to bravery and shame is a key of cultivating and governing. They demonstrated that people have the sense of shame. It is very useful for people making value choice of hastening glory from shame, establishing value standard of knowing honor and shame, building up correct outlook for honor and dishonor and proposing socialist core values.