秦汉时期“强干弱枝”政策考论

An Inquiry into the Policy of Strengthening the Central Forces and Weakening the Local Ones in the Qin Dynasty and the Han Dynasty

"强干弱枝"政策源起于春秋战国时期。秦汉都采取了"强干弱枝"政策,其共同点是都曾迁徙豪强。而汉代"强干弱枝"的新特点是削弱宗藩的势力,汉初高祖刘邦就曾制定法律法规限制宗藩的力量,《张家山汉墓竹简》中的有关内容可以充分体现。经过文、景、武三代的努力,宗藩终于降而与富户无异,对中央构不成任何威胁。但这一政策不可避免地走向了它的反面,最终"本末具弱",外戚王莽取代了西汉政权。

As a basic national policy, ＂Strengthening the Central Forces and Weakening the Local Ones＇was applied by the different rulers in the ancient China, which started from the Spring and Autumn and Warring Stage Period and was institutionalized by Hanfeizi of the Legalist School. It was used to migrate the powerful landlord in both the Qin Dynasty and the Han Dynasty, While the new and unique aim of it in the Han Dynasty was to weaken the clan-vassal＇s forces. In the early Han Dynasty, Liubang-the Emperor Gaozu-enacted laws and regulations to limit the elan-vassal＇s forces, which was reflected in the the bamboo slips unearthed from the Han tomb in the Zhangjia Mountain.Through the effort of the Emperor Wen, Jing and Wu, the clan-vassal＇s statue was lowered to the same as the rich, and they could not pose any threat to the central force. However, it also caused the result of weakening both the central forces and the local ones inevitably, which was opposite to the original purpose and incurred the femaleside relative named Wang Mang grabbing the central force of the Western Han Dynasty.