论空间图式系统

On Spatial Schematic System

近20年来,Levinson等(Levinson 2003:22-23;Levinson&Wilkins 2006:512-552)对于空间问题的研究,在国外学界重新引发了对语言相对论的讨论热潮。但是Talmy(2000:178;2005:199-234)针对语言空间系统提出了一个整体研究框架:基本空间图式系统。基本空间图式系统由三个主要部分组成:成员部分、复合部分和增益部分。成员部分是由基本空间范畴和基本空间元素组成的一个封闭集合。各种语言的封闭语类形式都可以从成员部分提取构建空间图式所需的主要空间范畴和空间元素。这一框架反映语言共性。本文通过对Talmy空间系统的分析,认为物质空间域属于语言表达的基本域。语言空间图式体系类似拓扑系统,体现着语言共性。因此,Levinson等通过空间表征强调语言相对论或语言决定论的观点有失偏颇。

In the past twenty years, the research of Levinson et al （Levinson 2003：22-23; Levinson ＆ Wilkins 2006：512- 552） on spatial issue has given rise to hot discussions on linguistic relativity for the second time. But Talmy（2000a： 178; 2005：199-234） puts forward a comprehensive framework for the study of space： Fundamental System of Spatial Schemas. It consists of three main parts： the componenfial, the compositional, and the augrnentive. The componential part is a closed set consisting of fundamental spatial categories and fundamental spatial elements, from which the closed-class forms of languages generally select their main spatial categories and elements to establish their own spatial schemas. This framework reflects linguistic universals, which are inventorial abstractive universals. Based on an analysis of Talmy＇ s spatial system, this thesis argues that physical space is the fundamental linguistic domain. The linguistic spatial schematic system is like a topological system and demonstrates linguistic universals. So, it＇ s unfeasible for Levinson et al to discuss linguistic relativity in terms of spatial representation.