苗族古歌中的土地与土地居住权

The Land and Land Residency Embodied in the Ancient Hmong Songs

苗族的村寨居住权和土地所有权是苗族在迁徙和开拓过程中形成的,而这一历史过程需要借助于苗族古歌所演唱的内容和族群记忆。苗族古歌中的土地问题最重要的是各族群或家族对土地居住权的竞争,随着人口的繁衍,苗族形成了一套完整的土地继承和交换体系。苗族古歌中所反映的土地制度是建立在血缘家族和姻亲网络基础之上的,土地的继承依靠"父亲-儿子"之间的父系传承,而交换体系是一种作为"礼物"的"姑娘田",随女儿进入婆家,又随姑妈之女的还娘头回归舅家。市场经济的发展,打破了苗族原有的土地交换体系,从而出现土地交换的两重性格局,既有作为礼物的土地交换体系,又存在作为财富的土地货币市场。

The right of residence in the Hmong villagemigration and pioneering by the Hmong people, and thisancient Hmong songs and the memory of the clan groups.and the land ownership were formed in the process ofhistorical process needed the help of the content of the The most important of the ancient Hmong songs is thestruggle between various ethnic groups or families for land ownership. With the development of the population,the Hmong have formed a complete system for land inheritance and exchange. The land system embodied in theancient Hmong songs is set on the basis of kinship family and marriage network. The inheritance of the landstands on the ＂fatherson＂ paternal relationship. In the exchange system there is ＂girl＇s fields＂, which is akind of ＂gift＂ to go with the girl to her parents - in - law＇ s family when she was married into that family, or withthe aunt＇s daughter to return to her uncle＇ s family. With the development of market economy, theHmong land exchange system has been broken, which has resulted in a duality pattern of land exchange,ing to which there is either the exchange system that takes land as a gift or the money market where theviewed as wealth.