南昌市外来入侵花卉逸生现状及预防对策

Naturalization status of alien invasive flowers and corresponding prevention and control measures in Nanchang

【目的】调查与分析南昌市外来入侵花卉逸生状况及其对绿地景观的影响,提出预防对策,为南昌市城市建设中园林植物引种和外来入侵花卉的监测与治理提供技术参考。【方法】采用现场调查与资料查询相结合的方法,调查南昌市外来入侵花卉种类及其逸生状况。【结果】南昌市有外来入侵花卉14科26种,其中菊科最多,有11种,占42.31%;繁殖方式上,以种子进行繁殖的有24种,其中11种兼具无性繁殖能力;逸生程度上,仅5种无逸生现象,其余种类均表现出不同程度的逸生性。【建议】谨慎引种,避免可能引发的生物入侵问题;加强对现有外来入侵花卉的监测和管理,防止植株或繁殖器官逃离人工栽培场所而在自然环境中生长和建立种群;加强对已逸生为杂草的外来入侵花卉的综合防治及利用研究,把其对园林景观的破坏性和对生态环境的破坏程度降到最低。

[Objective]The current naturalized status of alien invasive flowers and their influence on green space of Nan- chang were investigated and analyzed, after which corresponding prevention and control measures were proposed in order to provide references for monitoring and management of alien invasive flowers and landscape plant introduction in urban con- struction. [ Method ]Documentary inquiry and field investigation were used to survey species and naturalized situation of alien invasive flowers in Nanchang. [Result]A total of 26 alien invasive flower species belonging to 14 families was discovered, in which the dominant family was Compositae （42.31%）. A total of 24 species propagated by seed, and 11 species had asexual propagation ability. Most plants excluding 5 species were naturalized at various extents. [ Suggestion ]Alien flowers intro- duction should be paid special attention so that biological invasion could be avoided. Monitoring and management of invasive alien flowers should be strengthened so that no plant or reproductive organs escape from cultivated places to grow and form populations in natural environments. The research of comprehensive control and utilization of alien flowers which escaped to become weeds should be intensified to minimize their damage to landscape and ecological environment.